*Content warning: murder, bigotry, racism, violence, slavery, assault, wrongful imprisonment.

Sources:

13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is Passed. (n.d.). National Museum of African American History and Culture. https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/13th-amendment-us-constitution-passed

Brennan Center for Justice, Wilder, W., & Baum, S. (2022, January 31). 5 Egregious Voter Suppression Laws from 2021. Brennan Center for Justice. https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/5-egregious-voter-suppression-laws-2021

Brennan Center for Justice. (n.d.) The Myth of Voter Fraud. https://www.brennancenter.org/issues/ensure-every-american-can-vote/vote-suppression/myth-voter-fraud?fbclid=IwAR36AFdgauzcPZF3YxMPVzQQ636b9vVMuCwGZrkDK2YQNDy5oX6xASEBzgI

British Broadcasting Corporation. (n.d.). Suffragettes in prison. In BBC. https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/zqkbbqt#zjkbbqt

The Center for Public Integrity, & Starshak, H. (2022, October 6). It’s easy to vote in Washington, D.C., but it still doesn’t count. https://publicintegrity.org/politics/elections/who-counts/its-easy-to-vote-in-washington-d-c-but-it-still-doesnt-count/

Civil rights protesters beaten in ‘Bloody Sunday’ attack. (2020, March 4). History.com. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/bloody-sunday-civil-rights-protesters-beaten-selma

Codrington, W., III. (2019, November 17). The Electoral College’s Racist Origins. The Atlantic. https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/electoral-colleges-racist-origins

Duignan, B. (n.d.). Voter suppression. In Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/voter-suppression

Federal Bureau of Investigations. (n.d.). Mississippi Burning. FBI.gov. https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/mississippi-burning

The Fight for the Right to Vote. (2024). In American Unversity Washington College of Law. https://wcl.american.libguides.com/voting/history/timeline

Impeachment Trial of President Andrew Johnson, 1868. (n.d.). United States Senate. https://www.senate.gov/about/powers-procedures/impeachment/impeachment-johnson.htm

KXAN. (n.d.). President Lyndon B. Johnson’s Voting Rights Act Speech [Video]. YouTube. Retrieved August 6, 2015, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VbFmicUTb_k

League of Women Voters of California Education Fund. (n.d.). Types of Elections. CA Vote. https://cavotes.org/types-elections/

McArdle, T. (2017, November 10). ‘Night of terror’: The suffragists who were beaten and tortured for seeking the vote. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/11/10/night-of-terror-the-suffragists-who-were-beaten-and-tortured-for-seeking-the-vote/

National Archives and Records Administration. (n.d.). Voting Rights Act of (1965). In National Archives and Records Administration. https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/voting-rights-act#:~:text=The%20Voting%20Rights%20Act%20had,African%20Americans%20registered%20to%20vote.

National Archives and Records Administration. (n.d.). Electoral College History. In National Archives and Records Administration. https://www.archives.gov/electoral-college/history

Pew Research. (n.d.). Voter Turnout 2018-2022. https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2023/07/12/voter-turnout-2018-2022/

Promote the Vote California: Getting Involved. (n.d.). California Secretary of State. https://www.sos.ca.gov/promote-vote-ca/getting-involved

Smithsonian Institute. (2015). When Did the Vice Presidency Stop Going to the 2nd Place Winner and More Questions From Our Readers. In Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/when-did-vice-presidency-stop-going-to-second-place-ask-smithsonian-180957199/

University of North Texas Libraries. (2024). A Brief History of Voting in America. In UNT Libraries. https://guides.library.unt.edu/voting/history-of-voting-America

What is the Victims of Crime Act? (2024, April 30). Everytown. https://www.everytown.org/what-is-the-victims-of-crime-act/

When Women Lost the Vote. (n.d.). In The Museum of the History of the American Revolution. https://www.amrevmuseum.org/virtualexhibits/when-women-lost-the-vote-a-revolutionary-story/pages/how-did-the-vote-expand-new-jersey-s-revolutionary-decade

The White House Historical Association, & Shogan, C. (2021, April 8). “We Shall Overcome”: Lyndon Johnson and the 1965 Voting Rights Act. The White House Historical Association. https://www.whitehousehistory.org/we-shall-overcome-lbj-voting-rights

Archive Audio Sources:

(Democracy Now!) Rare Video Footage of Historic Alabama 1965 Civil Rights Marches MLKs Famous Montgomery Speech: https://youtu.be/CBm48Scju9E?si=SjGjlUrxHhVfBoBB

(The Washington Post) Remembering Rep. John Lewis, in his own words: https://youtu.be/5ayewOtuixI?si=qZvqoS8R6nr97KdH

(AAPB) Rep. John Lewis on Bloody Sunday in a 1985 Eyes on the Prize interview: https://www.facebook.com/gbh/videos/rep-john-lewis-on-bloody-sunday-in-a-1985-eyes-on-the-prize-interview-via-aapb/1123272501840163/

(JOHN LEWIS: GOOD TROUBLE) John Lewis: Good Trouble - Bloody Sunday Clip: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hYHJ6JlERxY

Resources:

https://www.eac.gov/help-america-vote

https://www.socialworkers.org/Advocacy/Social-Justice/Increasing-Voter-Participation

https://www.justice.gov/crt/media/1348556/dl?inline

https://www.rockthevote.org/

https://votolatino.org/

https://www.nonprofitvote.org/

https://nvrtf.org/

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S21 E17: Data Points Deep Dive: The History and Importance of Voting