Encore of Episode 21: Stroke of Genius

[0] So let's hear twinkle, twinkle, little star.

[1] As amazing as it sounds, I probably can't play that.

[2] And I can explain why as we start chatting about it.

[3] This is Hidden Brain.

[4] I'm Shankar Vedantam.

[5] A savant is defined as someone who does not have normal intelligence, but possesses unusual mental abilities.

[6] My name is Derek Amato.

[7] I am 49 years old.

[8] I currently live in Virginia.

[9] But Derek is an unusual case.

[10] He said to have something called a quiet Savant syndrome.

[11] It's left him with this incredible ability to compose and play piano.

[12] We'll talk about what that means, but let's back up a minute.

[13] I grew up a typical kid.

[14] I was an extremely aggressive athlete, so that was kind of my thing.

[15] I was a baseball, football, basketball player.

[16] You were a jock.

[17] I was a jock, yeah.

[18] I had musical interest from very early on.

[19] My grandmother was a organ player for the church.

[20] So, I mean, I was around it.

[21] I remember Sunday mornings going, sitting next to her on the bench.

[22] And even though I didn't understand, you know, what she was doing or how to play the instrument, I loved to sit with her and sing.

[23] And it was just my comfort zone as a child.

[24] When I go to church, I get to sit and watch her play the organ and sing.

[25] At his mother's insistence, Derek dabbled in music.

[26] He joined the school band, played drums, tinkered around with a guitar, formed a rock band with friends.

[27] But he did not take formal lessons or get any musical training.

[28] Okay, so that's the setup.

[29] What happens to Derek in 2006 is both terrifying and fascinating.

[30] He was in South Dakota, visiting friends and family.

[31] I got together with some friends, and we were going to have a little barbecue party at the pool, an indoor pool.

[32] And we were horsing around.

[33] And this young man walked in, he must have been about 14, 12, 14, and he had this little miniature football with him.

[34] So, of course, we started throwing the football at each other.

[35] And I started, I thought I could just run on the side of the pool and then dive over the water and catch the football in the air.

[36] And the idea was you would catch it and then fall into the pool.

[37] Yeah, just catch it in the air and then fall into the water.

[38] And so I went running on the side of the pool.

[39] And I remember, I remember running alongside the pool.

[40] I remember even diving in to catch the ball.

[41] And I knew I was diving towards a shallow end.

[42] I was very aware.

[43] And I miscalculated the depth, obviously, and I hit the upper left side of my face.

[44] And that's all I, I remember it was like an explosion.

[45] And, you know, most of us have had a head trauma when a kid or hit our head.

[46] And it's that sickening feeling you get when it's like, oh, no, I know something.

[47] I just did something.

[48] extremely wrong, and this isn't right.

[49] And I knew I had hurt myself.

[50] Diagnosis was a massive concussion.

[51] And what was the treatment?

[52] Relax.

[53] Stay quiet, lay in bed for a few days.

[54] I spent the night at the hospital.

[55] The next morning they sent me home.

[56] I went home, and I slept.

[57] I slept for five days, basically.

[58] And then you get up and do what?

[59] We're sitting at the table, and I said, well I feel pretty darn good I know I had an accident and I'm not sure what happened and I said well I'm gonna pack and and I think I can go back to Denver in a couple days so I called Rick and I said why don't you come over and get me we'll we'll say goodbyes and um I'll be on my way in a couple days and so we went over to his apartment and we were just hanging out and he had this tiny keyboard just just this little piece of junk in the corner and it was just on the stand dusty and I'm not sure if it had ever been played.

[60] And I kept staring at it as we were talking, and we were just sitting talking just like this.

[61] And I kept looking at it and looking at it, curious.

[62] It was like, I'm not sure why I was drawn to it.

[63] And I finally just walked over to it.

[64] And I thought, I'll just hit a few of these keys.

[65] I turn it on and see what happened.

[66] I had no clue.

[67] And I sat down, and my fingers just went crazy.

[68] My fingers were like somebody just, I don't know Ricks of the ghost of Beethoven jumped into my body I don't know how else to explain it I went crazy and just played and played and it wasn't like I was just picking away What did you play?

[69] I played I think it was more of the And it had this more of a classical structure to it and I sat there and did this for I don't know five six hours without stopping and we just I remember looking at him and there was tears rolling down his face I mean he's a Christian kid he's a pretty emotional guy he's he's a sweet sweet man and he just he didn't know what to think because I mean I've known him since we were kids and he'd never seen me play a piano so he's like what's going on I'm not sure what's going on I didn't want to stop playing because I was like well what if I stop and then this doesn't happen tomorrow morning I mean, this is kind of cool.

[70] I don't, I mean, it doesn't happen every day.

[71] You just sit down and start playing a piano.

[72] So I think this is kind of different.

[73] Let's just stay here for a while.

[74] It must have been 2 o 'clock in the morning, and I was exhausted.

[75] My brain was flying, still as racing.

[76] And so he took me back to my mother's house.

[77] We had a call at a day.

[78] I was, you know, beat up.

[79] And I went to bed, and the next morning I woke up and I was, I was paranoid.

[80] I was nervous.

[81] I was scared.

[82] I was like, how am I going to do?

[83] tell my mother, the person that knows me best on this planet, I just hit my head and I'm a little whacked out.

[84] How am I going to tell her that I just discovered that I know how to play the piano fairly well to a person that's known me my entire life 40 years?

[85] So I said, well, I don't know any other way than to take her to a music store.

[86] So I said, we had a cup of coffee and I said, it's front of the music store real quick.

[87] And she said, what do you want to buy?

[88] And I said, nothing.

[89] I said, I just want to show you something real fast.

[90] I wouldn't tell her.

[91] We get to the music store.

[92] We walk in, the salesman says, I don't know, like, you know, can I help you?

[93] He wants to sell me something.

[94] And I said, if you show me how to get this piano, this digital piano on, that's all I need.

[95] And then give me just 10 minutes.

[96] So he turns it on, shows me how to turn the darn thing off, I tell my mother to sit down next to me. What did you play?

[97] I don't quite remember what I played that time, but I was doing more of a...

[98] I wanted to sing to her for some reason because it was such an emotional thing.

[99] And I was going into like...

[100] And I just started to kind of chord this...

[101] And she was looking at me like, whoa, when did this transpire?

[102] I mean, she had all kinds of questions right away.

[103] And then I just kind of went nuts and started going crazy just to show her, well, look at this.

[104] Look at this.

[105] And she started crying.

[106] She didn't really say much.

[107] It was a very quiet drive home.

[108] As you're telling me this, Derek, I almost have the feeling that you're pulling my leg right now because it seems this is not possible.

[109] This is just simply not, it could not have happened.

[110] You know, well, if I would have had my way, I'm not sure if I would have ended up a piano player.

[111] I kind of wanted to be a baseball player or work in the fighting business.

[112] So, I don't know.

[113] And you know what?

[114] I invite skepticism because I think when something so beautiful and profound happens, we have to question.

[115] At what stage did you stop questioning that you had a skill?

[116] I'm assuming that you were skeptical as well.

[117] I mean, you told me that when you went home the first night, you were afraid that it was going to be a one -day skill and it was going to be gone by the next morning.

[118] At what point did you stop questioning it and say, this is actually a new skill that I have?

[119] you know i i think you kind of grow into that getting comfortable with accepting what's transpired in your life i definitely didn't want it to go away in the first year or two it was a little you know like i i would wake up thinking i need to get to a piano i need to make sure it's still here and as time went on i started to understand that well the doctors tell me it can go away as fast as it came an acquired musical savant syndrome that means you've acquired a gift and i got to that point where i just accepted the fact that i'm going to enjoy every every second of this because if i wake up tomorrow and it's gone i want to be able to say that i did the best i could to display it to a society looking in at my life and say i've been inspired by this or the human potential is amazing or the brain is just a magnificent you know organ that we don't know anything about and i think it became that comfort knowing that i'm going to enjoy it every single second and if it stays beautiful if it goes away then i guess i'll go get a job have you spoken a neurologist who is skeptical about what's happening to you i think they're all skeptical the moment they walk in the door i mean i feel skeptical i'm sorry i know that absolutely I know that you're a nice guy and you seem like a trustworthy person.

[120] Right, right.

[121] I expect you to be.

[122] But I have the feeling that this is just one big giant prank.

[123] Well, that's because I'm still, I'm articulate and I still have most of my marbles.

[124] So I can display this story in a different way than, let's say, the guy that hit his head and woke up a piano player, but he's not all here.

[125] If I ask you to play twinkle, twinkle, little star for me, could you try that?

[126] I don't think I can play it.

[127] I tried to do happy birthday for a person the other day and I couldn't figure it out.

[128] Um, oh, answers no. It's taught with C. Is that this one right here?

[129] Where was that first note then?

[130] Wait.

[131] Where with, oh.

[132] So it's all up and down.

[133] Gosh, darn it, I see, I can see it now.

[134] I mean, that's kind of in there.

[135] Thanks for the first note, though.

[136] But it's sort of an interesting thing, isn't it?

[137] Which is like you don't go up, you don't see someone who says, you know, I can throw a fastball at, I don't know, 140 miles an hour, but I don't know how to reach out and shake your hand.

[138] and to me you're displaying musical ability at one end of the spectrum whereas playing twinkle twinkle little star I can do that and you find it hard and I find it just really difficult to understand how you can be so good at the extreme end without knowing the basics I'm right there with you I'm on your side I'm fascinated with that too does it disturb you does it worry you that you have this ability No, I mean I'm a Christian kid So I think I think this is where God wants me I think this has already been penned out my story I I I How else I mean I have to live with this every day So if I sit and beat my own mind up about Is this nature versus nurture and nature And all this nonsense But I mean I've talked to the best doctors The smartest doctors in this planet And they all got a different little input and they all got something different to say about it.

[139] Most all of them are skeptic when I walk in, and most all of them when I walk out are right here with me. Have any of them suggested treatments?

[140] Yes, yes.

[141] Dr. Reeves at the Mayo Clinic, when I was filming with the Discovery Channel, he was fascinated with this as well.

[142] And he said, the best way for him to explain is like a roller coaster.

[143] If you get on a roller coaster, that doesn't stop sooner or later, it's going to get tiring.

[144] So maybe we suggest slowing down the stimulant, the over -stimulated brain.

[145] You're firing these neurons at a pace that's unheard of.

[146] So let's try some seizure medication to shut those down, right?

[147] I don't understand how it works, but I do know it slows down the firing of the neurons.

[148] Why would I want to take synthetic drugs?

[149] and mask something possibly that I'm enjoying to the point where I don't want it to slow down or go away.

[150] I'll take the hyperness and the ADHD and the OCD and all that garbage that comes with this maybe.

[151] What if it has a consequence where you are burning your brain at a level that is not healthy for you?

[152] I mean, so for example...

[153] I guess I go down, on fire, baby.

[154] And that's how the story ends.

[155] And I'm good with that.

[156] You're still the guy who would die for the football over the swimming pool.

[157] Yeah.

[158] Of course, Derek Amato isn't the only person with a quiet savon syndrome.

[159] Others have experienced the profound changes that come with this condition.

[160] They are so motivated.

[161] They are in love with what they're doing.

[162] It's almost like an extension of who they are.

[163] Also, I'm going to challenge Derek to play the the studio wall.

[164] I see on this wall, I see these squares, some of them have different depths, so the full squares almost feel like a whole note to me. Keep listening.

[165] It'll make more sense soon.

[166] I'm Shankar Vedantham and you're listening to Hidden Brain from NPR.

[167] This is Hidden Brain.

[168] I'm Shankar Vedantham.

[169] This week on the show, we're looking at the specific moments people lose something big and how that change can point them in new directions.

[170] Before the break, Derek Amato told us a story of how he became a musician after a head injury.

[171] Before the accident, he couldn't play the piano.

[172] But after, his musical talent was just undeniable.

[173] If this is the first time you're hearing our show, I have a confession to make.

[174] I'm a card -carrying rationalist.

[175] When surprising things happen, I don't call them miracles.

[176] I look for explanations.

[177] Derek's very charming, his story is amazing, but I found myself asking over and over how something like this could happen.

[178] That's when I came by a couple of researchers who've spent years studying people who've suddenly acquired savant -like gifts.

[179] Daryl Treffert is a psychiatrist in Wisconsin.

[180] He studied Derek.

[181] And I must say that in his case, I'm, you know, was as startled as you about the fact that he went to the piano and knew where to place his fingers and so forth.

[182] The reason that I'm inclined to accept that is because I've seen that in some of these other cases, although probably not quite as abrupt as he, but, and to me at least, that having seen a lot of savans, when I see some of these acquired savon cases, it is really quite jarring.

[183] I don't know if you remember what Derek said about his injury.

[184] He leaped across the swimming pool for the football, and when he came down hard, he heard what sounded like an explosion.

[185] And I miscalculated the depth, obviously, and I hit the upper left side of my face.

[186] The left side of his face, that's an important clue.

[187] In general, in Savant syndrome itself, whether congenital or acquired, there tends to be a more left brain injury with right brain compensation.

[188] And the right brain areas of ability that seem to emerge have to do with art, and in mathematics, actually.

[189] Art, music, and math, all skills that involve pattern recognition.

[190] At the University of Pennsylvania, cognitive psychologist Scott Barry Kaufman said, think about it.

[191] These are the skills you might imagine are built into the architecture of the brain.

[192] In other words, we might come hardwired for certain kinds of activities.

[193] This is the insight that helped me see that Derek might not be pulling a prank.

[194] Most of us, in fact, effortlessly learn things.

[195] Just like Derek says, he never took classes to learn piano.

[196] You probably didn't take formal lessons to learn your first language.

[197] The truth is that a lot of things we learn in life were not done deliberately.

[198] When we were very young, and, you know, the ages of two and four, we learned a huge amount of new words and learned the grammatical structure of our language automatically without, we didn't like sit down.

[199] when we were two years old and say, right, I'm going to learn all the grammatical syntax and what it all means.

[200] And so we have these structures that help us learn.

[201] If you look at it this way, most people have skills that might seem Savant -like to a visitor from another planet.

[202] We learn these skills effortlessly.

[203] In fact, it doesn't even feel like learning.

[204] It feels like fun.

[205] What makes Savants unique, in other words, is not that their brains do amazing things.

[206] All brains do amazing things.

[207] What's different is that they're demonstrating effortless learning in domains that usually call for sustained effort.

[208] Now, I'm not going to tell you you should go out and bang your head against the floor of a swimming pool to learn to play the piano.

[209] The vast majority of concussions don't produce an inner genius.

[210] They have terrible outcomes.

[211] But Derek's story does suggest, even to this card -carrying rationalist, that we have worlds within us, gifts that we do not realize that we possess.

[212] When I look at these savants, what I see at the core that I think offers a lot of inspiration to humanity is that they are so motivated.

[213] They are in love with what they're doing.

[214] It's almost like an extension of who they are.

[215] To me, that that offers a lot of hope or inspires me that perhaps all of us can find that vehicle that really allows us to sing.

[216] As Derek was playing the piano and NPR Studio One, I noticed there was a wall behind him.

[217] It had soundproofing, hollow wooden cube, each of a different depth.

[218] Derek had told me that when he plays, he sees squares floating by him.

[219] So I asked him to turn around, look at the wall, and tell me what he saw.

[220] I see, on this wall, I see these squares, some of them have different depths, so the full squares almost feel like a whole note to me. I asked Derek to play the wall for me. I see low notes because all the depth.

[221] You see the dark ones that are filled in all the way?

[222] They stand out, so I see low notes like...

[223] Now, I'm in the middle boxes.

[224] See where I'm at now in those middle boxes?

[225] So those are and that's a whole different, now we're getting into a whole different thing.

[226] Now I'm getting excited.

[227] You got any more walls to look at?

[228] So you were just playing the wall?

[229] That's what you were playing.

[230] I was playing the music on the wall.

[231] So I started here.

[232] Okay, so imagine that's the music bar.

[233] Yeah.

[234] So I played the top one.

[235] I'll do it again.

[236] I'll do it precisely exactly like I saw it.

[237] And then it changes to this bar, we move down now, and now we're going to move down to the next bar of music, and I see, we'll go back up to the top, and then we can make it jazz.

[238] And that's, and I mean, it just goes on and on and on and on, and these walls could be dangerous because I wouldn't want to sleep at all if I had walls like this at my house.

[239] Are you telling me that you have never played the piece of music you just played for me in your life before?

[240] No. And this third row might even be a whole different composition.

[241] what I'm saying, the depths of those blocks, those middle rows and those circles in the middle, that's what these are to me. Those are rolling patterns to me. And then those chunky ones on the top, that's where I see that.

[242] And it just changes like that suddenly.

[243] And then I moved out of the next one and it's a whole different flow.

[244] That's Derek Amato, playing the wall in NPR Studio One.

[245] This episode of Hidden Brain was produced by Kara McGirk Allison with help from Neil T. Volt.

[246] Our staff includes Maggie Penman, Jenny Schmidt, Chris Benderev, and Renee Clare.

[247] Our new supervising producer is Tara Boyle.

[248] Find more Hidden Brain on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, and listen for my stories on your local public radio station.

[249] If you like this episode, give us a review.

[250] It helps.

[251] I'm Shankar Vedantham, and this is NPR.