New Orleans in the Aftermath of Hurricane Ida

[0] From New York Times, I'm Michael Bobarro.

[1] This is a daily today.

[2] Sixteen years after Hurricane Katrina, Hurricane Ida was a major test of how prepared cities like New Orleans now are for extreme weather.

[3] Kevin Ruse spoke with our calling, Richard Fawcett, about what worked and what didn't.

[4] It's Thursday, September 2nd.

[5] Richard, hello.

[6] Hello.

[7] Hey, Kevin.

[8] How are you?

[9] I'm doing okay.

[10] How are you?

[11] I'm good.

[12] I'm here.

[13] Where are you?

[14] I am in my parents' house in uptown New Orleans.

[15] They've evacuated.

[16] And we're trying to figure out right now whether like tens of thousands of people, whether it's going to be okay for them to come back.

[17] Without electricity, it's just really, really a slog here.

[18] It looks pretty dark there.

[19] Do you have power?

[20] Nope.

[21] So how are you, you're just talking?

[22] to us because you have a lot of chargers for your cell phone or something?

[23] Yeah, exactly.

[24] I mean, running off of batteries and it's just becomes this, you know, just this constant kind of juggling act of running stuff off your car, charging up batteries, relying in the Tennessee Williams sense on the kindness of strangers.

[25] And who are some of the people you've been meeting and talking to?

[26] Well, after the storm, I kind of set out and visited a few parts of the city to see how people, you know, have a hard time getting by on a sunny day we're doing.

[27] So one of the places I headed to was New Orleans East, which is a low -lying, very flood -prone part of the city.

[28] There is a apartment complex in New Orleans East called the Willows, which was badly damaged in Hurricane Katrina.

[29] It's been fixed up, and a lot of working class people are living there.

[30] Hey, what's your name?

[31] My name is Dandrell.

[32] How do you spell Dondrell?

[33] including Dondrell Anderson.

[34] What do you do for a living?

[35] Right now I'm headed to the barn up the street.

[36] I have two horses up the street.

[37] Oh, really?

[38] And I work around the barn.

[39] Okay.

[40] He's a guy in his 30s.

[41] He was on a bicycle.

[42] His car was in the shop.

[43] And he was, you know, trying to think creatively about how to think his way out of a place that was incredibly hot and incredibly unpleasant.

[44] Like right now, I'm currently riding around looking for somebody that helped me get air and my tires.

[45] I have two slow leaks on, I have a slow leak on two tires.

[46] On your car?

[47] Yeah, right now.

[48] So you'd wanted to get out of town, but you couldn't because you had slow leaks on the tires?

[49] Not only I had slow leaks on the tires, but it's like I ain't know exactly what I'll go.

[50] Yep.

[51] I mean, I could have went to bad rules here, here, or there, but what I do when I get to?

[52] Yeah.

[53] What would it cost me going now?

[54] Yeah.

[55] So the problem that Dondrell and many people in the city of New Orleans faces is pretty basic.

[56] and also pretty tragic.

[57] In Dandrelle's case, it was a question of having access to a car that could get him out of this kind of this zone of suffering.

[58] Do you have money to buy groceries right now?

[59] I promise you, I have a dollar in certain of something sitting in my pocket right.

[60] Mine is probably about a hundred or something out of foolstep, but you can't use that either to have no power, ain't no data.

[61] I'm just gone off, like, you know, my survival skills.

[62] you know that I know from Katrina and but I know period you know what I'm saying yeah yeah let me ask you right now um do you have enough food I'm gonna say no and but yeah the reason why I say that because how long this is gonna be like this I don't know yeah yeah so that was the problem for a lot of people in a nutshell so there he is trying to improvise his way out of something okay okay Okay, we'll go.

[63] All right.

[64] Good luck to you, man. It was nice talking to you.

[65] All right.

[66] There's another woman I met at the apartment complex.

[67] Hey, I'm so sorry.

[68] I'm Richard Fawcett.

[69] I'm from the New York Times.

[70] I'm Diane Delpy.

[71] I'm from New Orleans.

[72] Her name was Diane Delpe.

[73] She's about 40 years old.

[74] And she had a very large extended family in the apartment complex.

[75] I have kids with disabilities.

[76] Yeah.

[77] I have three kids with disabilities.

[78] This is my youngest child, here then.

[79] She was the face.

[80] You've been here since the hurricane hit.

[81] We went through it.

[82] I have, my apartment has been flooded with water.

[83] They had had roof damage, and they're part of the complex.

[84] The water had come through and soaked their wall -to -wall carpeting.

[85] We never like this one -in -law.

[86] It's going to kill us.

[87] That house can't live in it.

[88] No, it's not with the mold in the...

[89] It's horrible.

[90] They all slept in there last night.

[91] It did not seem safe.

[92] It's been without power for three days.

[93] Has it been three days?

[94] I might be exaggerating.

[95] It feels like a lifetime.

[96] Yeah, if you're starting to run together for me. No water, nothing cold.

[97] Nobody has came back here and checked on us.

[98] It's like we just have to survive on our own.

[99] We got to find a way out.

[100] We don't have a way out.

[101] Do you have a car?

[102] No, I don't have a car at the moment.

[103] My car is in the shop.

[104] And without electricity, they were forced to kind of make this horrible decision moment after moment, which is go inside and get out of the heat or go outside and bake in the heat and at least get out of the stink of the place.

[105] Is your cell phone working?

[106] My cell phone not working.

[107] We can't charge our phones.

[108] We don't have anything.

[109] The whole family was hoping that some relatives in Baton Rouge could come down and pick them up and take them away, but it was kind of tough to be in straight communication with them for all kinds of reasons.

[110] The cell service has been very spotty.

[111] So there was just a lot of confusion about, you know, how they might get away.

[112] I'm wishing y 'all a whole lot of luck.

[113] Did I give you my card?

[114] No, but please.

[115] When you, uh...

[116] From New York, right?

[117] Yeah.

[118] When I, when you get cell service or whatever, I just want to hear it.

[119] Richard, this all sounds really brutal and like there are a lot of people making a lot of very hard decisions.

[120] And I think the obvious comparison to draw is to Hurricane Katrina and to all the horrible images and the footage we all saw of the destruction in New Orleans 16 years ago.

[121] And I know you're from New Orleans and you also covered Hurricane Katrina.

[122] how would you compare what you've seen over the last few days to what you saw back then?

[123] Well, Katrina is the obvious comparison, and it's, of course, the hurricane that haunts everyone inside and outside of New Orleans.

[124] But that's not really what happened here.

[125] You didn't see this massive government breakdown.

[126] You didn't see this massive kind of societal breakdown.

[127] You haven't seen like really kind of horrific confrontations between law enforcement and people trying to get out.

[128] The biggest difference, of course, is that Katrina put 80 % of New Orleans underwater, and the city struggled mightily to respond.

[129] I was driving around an uptown neighborhood after Katrina, and I remember in this very still moment after the storm, a few days after the storm, finding an elderly man laid out on his porch with nothing but his name and a social security number, if I recall correctly.

[130] And it was just chilling.

[131] one for me to call.

[132] There is no one to report it to, really.

[133] This is not exactly that people aren't finding bodies in the city.

[134] The physical damage immediately to people and to property is nowhere near the same as it was.

[135] And why is that?

[136] Why is there less damage this time?

[137] One of the biggest reasons is that the federal government, local governments, came together and built a massive multi -billion dollar, 350 -mile ring, essentially, around New Orleans, of improved levees, locks, floodgates.

[138] This was one of the most ambitious public works projects in the last few decades in this country, and it was all spurred by the outrage and the horror and the concern that people felt both inside and outside of the city when they saw what happened.

[139] happened when the levees failed in 2005.

[140] There's some asterisks here to the notion that this new system saved the city.

[141] For one, every hurricane is different.

[142] This one headed to the west of the city and it was a very different track than Katrina.

[143] It also appears that the storm surge that was predicted wasn't quite as high in the end.

[144] But I think in the end you can really say that it was indeed a success.

[145] And this country built something very big and very, very expensive.

[146] And it kind of did its job.

[147] And what does this levy system actually look like?

[148] How does it work for those of us who aren't levy experts?

[149] Well, I'm not a levy expert either, but I can tell you that it's many things.

[150] In some cases, it's strengthened levees, levy walls.

[151] And, you know, there are things that you don't really always see if you're living in this very urban environment in this old city of New Orleans.

[152] But it's out there.

[153] And some of this stuff is like Hoover Dam level huge.

[154] A few years ago, I went fishing out by one of these massive new gates.

[155] I mean, imagine a kind of placid wetland and then like this kind of Star Wars Death Star level concrete edifice just stuck out there.

[156] It's really impressive.

[157] But it's, you know, one of the dynamics that's been interesting here is that people don't trust the government after Katrina.

[158] You know, they've been told that this thing exists, but like I said, it's really hard to see it.

[159] And you can't really see it just all at once.

[160] I mean, it's hard to really grasp how big and how vast it is.

[161] And there was definitely an interesting tension here between people this week who are saying, oh, I don't trust this system, I don't care what they say, or how many billions they spent, versus a lot of people who really know the system who are saying, no, no, it's like, it's real.

[162] Like, we really spent the billions, and we have some really smart engineers.

[163] Like, it's hard to trust the government after what happened with Katrina.

[164] And the loss of confidence in government entities after Katrina was really intense, and it certainly lingers to this day.

[165] Yeah.

[166] And of course, now with a couple days of reporting in hindsight, we know that Hurricane Ida did come and the levees held.

[167] And I wonder if there's a part of you that thinks that this is a story of things working.

[168] Do you feel any sense of that?

[169] on the ground with the people you're talking to?

[170] Because when you talk to people, it sounds like they're dealing with very real issues in their own lives.

[171] They're maybe not thinking about, well, I'm glad we funded that levy system.

[172] Well, you know, there's very little sense of celebration here.

[173] And part of that has to do with the fact that as of right now, there's a humanitarian crisis looming in New Orleans, even though it's dry.

[174] There's no electricity.

[175] And with no electricity, there's no air conditioning.

[176] And we're in late August, early September, in South Louisiana, it's sweltering to the point of dangerous.

[177] The heat index is 100 plus every day and will be for many days.

[178] We don't know when the energy is going to come back.

[179] People don't have jobs to go to.

[180] The schools are closed.

[181] In Jefferson Parish, which is the suburban parish right next door to Orleans Parish, nobody has any water right now.

[182] The lines for gasoline are four plus hours for those places that are open.

[183] People are cooking their last food from the refrigerators that they've cleaned out.

[184] The people who are living in these sweltering apartments, who are infirm, who have issues with health, are potentially headed to a health care system that was already way overtaxed due to COVID -19 and the new delta variant -related spike.

[185] From the vantage of us right now who are in the city, it doesn't feel like things are fixed.

[186] It feels like we're confronting major, major challenges.

[187] Right.

[188] Like, it's hard to focus on the silver lining when the cloud is so big.

[189] Exactly.

[190] And the silver lining only helps so much.

[191] You know, I've been thinking a lot in the last day or so about the toll that even this storm, which didn't swamp the city, has taken.

[192] I mean, for one, you have all these outlying areas that have been very badly hit.

[193] They were hit by heavy rain.

[194] They were hit by wind.

[195] The city of Homa, Louisiana, has been very badly beaten up.

[196] And we know from researchers that we're going to see stronger storms, most likely, and we're going to see more frequent storms.

[197] And I really fear now that the city is just going to continue to suffer, despite the incredible resilience of the people who live here.

[198] I mean, how can the city not continue to be diminished?

[199] Who can afford, literally, to live through this every year?

[200] We'll be right back.

[201] Richard, you raised the question of how many, residents of New Orleans will continue to stay in the city and how long they'll stay for.

[202] What did you mean by that?

[203] Well, I mean, I grew up here and to me this is always just like the center of the universe and most New Orleans people feel that way.

[204] But I'm really increasingly concerned about the stresses on so many of the people who've given the world this incredible culture, food, music and just the people who are here trying to live and get by and have a normal life.

[205] There's, I think, for a very long time, going to be a group of very privileged people who are going to live very well in New Orleans.

[206] And I'm staying in uptown New Orleans right now.

[207] And when I went on a walk this morning to go see if the grocery store was open, you could hear the sound of privilege.

[208] And it sounds like, you know, kind of the low hum of a gas power generator that's keeping the AC blowing in some of these nicer homes and is allowing people to live through this thing with cold beer and to cook gumbo and to keep a refrigerator running.

[209] And, you know, that really stands in contrast with so many of the people I talk to and so many of the people we know who have left, you know, first a middle class person, not to mention, a working class person, going out and staying in a hotel for four or five days with your kids, it becomes very trying.

[210] And of course, for some people, it's just untenable and it can break them.

[211] And for the poor, they have no way to get out.

[212] They're stuck in a very difficult situation without power.

[213] I just really wonder how long people are going to be able to stand this, if this is something that we see with more frequent and more powerful hurricanes.

[214] Are they going to want to stick it out, even in a city that just generates a tremendous amount of love among its inhabitants?

[215] Yeah, it sounds like for a lot of people in New Orleans, they don't have the money to leave.

[216] Like they can't get a hotel room.

[217] They can't move themselves and their families out of town for a couple of days or maybe even a couple of weeks.

[218] And they also, in some sense, don't have the money to stay.

[219] Like they can't get a generator.

[220] They can't do the things that would help them maintain a basic standard of living.

[221] Yeah, I mean, I remember talking to a native New Orleans who's an old friend of mine after Katrina.

[222] And I said, well, how is the city fairing?

[223] And he said to me, well, you know, the people who were doing all right before the storm are doing fine.

[224] And the people who were kind of just on the bubble of doing all right, they're not doing very well right now.

[225] And then, you know, that doesn't even begin to describe what's happening to the people kind of economically below that level.

[226] I think Warren Buffett said, you know, then when the tide goes out, you really know who's got their drawers on or not.

[227] And, you know, you feel that after a, after a storm like this.

[228] And what has this reality of just constantly making these choices about leaving or staying?

[229] What does that meant for the city and its population as a whole?

[230] Well, we saw a tremendous population decline after Katrina.

[231] And you see cultures that were transformed in Houston, Texas, to cite one important example.

[232] And Atlanta, where I live now, there were just a lot more New Orleans people there.

[233] And one of the things that you heard that I heard one guy say to me, he was heading off to Sugar Land, Texas, which is right by Houston.

[234] He's packing up his car with his kids and family and stuff.

[235] I said, do you have people there?

[236] And he said, yeah, I've got family there.

[237] They left in Katrina and they never came back.

[238] And it was the day before the 16th anniversary of Katrina.

[239] He said, you know, we're going to go have a, you know, a sweet 16 reunion.

[240] The culture of New Orleans is now kind of spread out, you know, from Houston up to Atlanta and beyond.

[241] And it seems like to return to Hurricane Ida a little bit, there's this kind of metaphor that is sort of forming in my mind about the sort of future.

[242] of trying to engineer our way out of a climate crisis, because despite this fact of the levees, this multi -billion dollar infrastructure project, actually working, all this human ingenuity and political will that New Orleans marshaled to protect itself from another Katrina -level storm, it's still not somehow equal to the task of protecting the city from a storm and making the city into a place that people can live in and thrive in, even if they're not wealthy?

[243] The amount of ingenuity and necessary hubris and vision that went into building this system around the city, to me, it just like, it smacks of like an Old Testament kind of story, you know, like, and the people built this thing, right?

[244] And then, and then the Lord was like, yeah, well, good for you.

[245] But guess what?

[246] You know, that's...

[247] It's like one -tenth of your problem solved right there.

[248] There is a huge swath of the Gulf Coast.

[249] A lot of it, you know, is full of people who are just as worthy of saving as the people of New Orleans.

[250] And, you know, where's their wall?

[251] These hurricanes strike all over.

[252] The sea levels are rising, you know, all up and down the Atlantic coast and beyond.

[253] Right.

[254] I'm wondering about, you mentioned there are places other than New Orleans that don't have this kind of infrastructure, these levees to protect themselves from flooding and from storms.

[255] How are they dealing with Hurricane Ida?

[256] Well, you know, there are a lot of areas south and west, as I mentioned, that are hurting really bad.

[257] There is a proposed project that's kind of in the works called the Morganza to the Gulf Project.

[258] It's very similar to the ring around New Orleans that would contain some of these places like the city of Homa, Louisiana, which is this, you know, kind of oil patch city and others.

[259] But, you know, hurricanes are complex things in themselves.

[260] And, you know, building a levee or a wall can help you prevent inundation from storm surge if you're lucky and smart.

[261] But there's also the question of wind.

[262] And there's also the question of rainfall.

[263] And I think, you know, when you look at Louisiana and much of the South, including Tennessee, just the other day, a lot of these flooding events we're having in this moment are coming from storms, some of them unnamed kind of like day -to -day storms that will just sit and park themselves over a community and just trash them.

[264] And, you know, those are the kinds of problems that building a wall really doesn't solve.

[265] Richard, in some sense, what you're describing, it sounds like, is a great American city, New Orleans that has become, if not uninhabitable, due to climate disasters, at least a lot harder and more expensive to keep open and livable.

[266] And I'm also thinking about friends of mine, privileged friends of mine, I guess, who are planning to leave California for a few months this fall to get away from the fires and the smoke.

[267] And I guess I'm just meditating on the fact that in America, because of climate change, there are some people who are leaving home because they don't have a any other choice.

[268] And there are some people who are leaving home because they do.

[269] They're privileged enough to be able to move somewhere safer.

[270] But both groups are leaving home.

[271] I think it's dawning on everybody that so many people in our country are having to come up with a plan B for the very most basic element of their existence, which is, you know, sort of where do I need to be because of, you know, tragedy X. The problem that New Orleans faces is a problem that so many communities face sometimes in a different guise, you know, with a different challenge.

[272] But it's become a universal fact of life for people all over the place.

[273] Right.

[274] I know that, Richard, you're there in New Orleans reporting on this in your professional capacity, but as someone who still has family there and who has spent a lot of time in New Orleans, I'm wondering how you and your family are thinking about your own version of these questions, whether New Orleans is still the right place to be, what New Orleans will even be 10 or 20 years from now?

[275] You know, these kinds of processes happen over such a long timeline sometimes in this era of climate crisis.

[276] You know, the way that I think a lot of people, myself included, sort of, thought about how a tragedy that would befall a city would happen are not quite accurate.

[277] It's not the Godzilla, you know, who comes and destroys the city in five minutes, breathing fire.

[278] It's, and maybe it's not even Katrina, you know, where, you know, one day you're dry, the next day you're 80 % underwater and there's more than a thousand people dead.

[279] You know, this longer -term tragedy that unfolds is the thing that I'm really concerned about, which is, and I think concerns everyone, which is that, you know, over decades, there's just a tremendous weakening of a place, and it's almost impossible to stop.

[280] Richard, stay safe, stay dry, stay cool, to the extent possible, and thank you so much.

[281] Thank you, Kevin.

[282] As of Wednesday night, the death toll from Hurricane Ida and its aftermath rose to at least eight.

[283] Meanwhile, Louisiana's largest utility, Entergy, said it had restored power to more than 11, customers in New Orleans, but more than a million customers across the state of Louisiana were still without power, and the company says it could take weeks or even months to fully restore power across the state.

[284] We'll be right back.

[285] Here's what else you need, Turner Day.

[286] On Wednesday, the nation's most restrictive abortion law went into effect in Texas after the Supreme Court did not act on a request to stop it.

[287] The law blocks most abortions after just six weeks of pregnancy, before many women even know they're pregnant, and therefore amounts to an almost total ban on abortion.

[288] In the hours after the law went into effect, abortion providers across Texas began turning away women seeking the procedure.

[289] Today's episode was produced by Michael Simon Johnson, Nina Pawtuck, and Diana Wynne.

[290] It was edited by Paige Cowett and Dave Shaw, and engineered by Dan Powell.

[291] It for the Daily.

[292] I'm Michael Bobaro.

[293] See you tomorrow.